O que é osteoporose e por que os ossos ficam frágeis?

Por: Professor Leandro Sinis

A osteoporose enfraquece os ossos e reduz sua resistência. Com isso, fraturas podem ocorrer após quedas ou impactos que antes não causariam lesões.

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O tecido ósseo passa por renovação contínua. Algumas células removem partes antigas, enquanto outras produzem tecido novo para manter o esqueleto.

[{"selector":"#anim-f45dfd3f-5d2a-439c-9db9-baba3bc16cd5 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(25%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ed0bed3d-842e-4bf0-850a-32fe0814348a","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-115.18988%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-09fd705d-4784-4fea-be24-f7622080d04a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f19c4100-4c8d-41cf-b07d-3dfd603753ac","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] O osso está sempre mudando

A fragilidade surge quando a reabsorção óssea supera a formação por muito tempo. Assim, a quantidade e a qualidade do tecido podem diminuir.

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Os osteoclastos participam da reabsorção óssea, removendo tecido antigo. Essa etapa é normal e necessária para a renovação do esqueleto.

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Os osteoblastos produzem tecido ósseo novo. Quando sua atividade não acompanha a reabsorção, a estrutura dos ossos pode perder resistência.

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A osteoporose não altera apenas a parte externa do osso. Mudanças na estrutura interna também podem reduzir sua capacidade de suportar forças.

[{"selector":"#anim-ab10b1e5-5350-4b82-a0aa-38385798a455 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(25%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4286138d-0b2a-483d-a6c0-6a731fb26bd5","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-115.18988%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-558fc8a1-123d-463e-b5ea-e6ce369a5024","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2bfc6ee2-7989-4fbd-a867-6065efd5e834","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] O interior do osso também muda

Com menos resistência, quedas e outros impactos podem causar fraturas. Coluna, quadril e punho estão entre as regiões frequentemente afetadas.

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A perda óssea pode avançar sem sinais claros. Por isso, algumas pessoas só descobrem a osteoporose após uma avaliação ou uma fratura.

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Entender a relação entre formação e reabsorção ajuda a compreender como os ossos perdem resistência e por que a osteoporose exige atenção.

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